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Research Topic Description, including Problem Statement:
An ancient problem for defense and intelligence efforts is insider threat: how do we know a colleague or collaborator is trustworthy and not pretending to be so as to gain some future advantage? In a separate domain, recent advances in machine learning have used artificial neural networks (ANNs) to create automated agents that can perform in complicated environments, such as Atari games. Can this new technology be used to address the older problem? The insider threat problem may be simulated by having multiple automated agents collaborate in a simulated environment (such as collaborative video games), but one of the agents has a different goal that runs counter to the others. Importantly, this goal may require collaborating with the other agents at least until a critical moment of defection (which may be explicit or implicit). Such simulations could allow for high-throughput examination and quantification of principles of insider threat.
Questions could include:
When can a future defector be identified by their pre-defection behavior and when can they not? What are the critical factors that allow this detection, both of the collaborators' behavior and of the environment?
If the collaborative agent needs to be both performing in the environment and simultaneously watching for defectors, how does the computational burden of defector detection scale with the environment relative to the also-increasing burden of performing?
It is presumably possible to test defectors by discretely putting them into simulated "gotchya" moments that would reveal their preferences. What are the dynamics when the defector is on the lookout for such tests?
Instead of testing behavior, would having direct access to the ANN's code allow for identifying a defector? The "code" here would be the policy network and not any reward or loss function.
For reinforcement learning, under what conditions is it possible to iteratively reward a potential defector into correct action such that there is little probability it will defect in the future? What are the guarantees or statistics of how that probability decreases with rewards?
Example Approaches:
Approaches may not need to address all questions above, but they should consider using a "real-world" scenario of ANNs collaborating in an environment. It is possible to start with very simple ANNs and environments, then scale up to more complicated deep ANNs and environments. Environments could start with simple games like Pong (e.g. a collaborative Pong where one player is trying to maximize the total score while the other is trying to maximize their personal score). More complicated environments could include more complex Atari games or whatever the state-of-the-art performance will be for ANNs at the time of the research.
The paradigm of Generative Adversarial Networks may particularly afford simulating actors in a cat-and-mouse game of defector detection and evasion. However, other techniques are welcome.
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