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Complete your application – Enter the rest of the information required for the IC Postdoc Program Research Opportunity. The application itself contains detailed instructions for each one of these components: availability, citizenship, transcripts, dissertation abstract, publication and presentation plan, and information about your Research Advisor co-applicant.
Additional information about the IC Postdoctoral Research Fellowship Program is available on the program website located at: https://orau.org/icpostdoc/.
If you have questions, send an email to ICPostdoc@orau.org. Please include the reference code for this opportunity in your email.
Research Topic Description, including Problem Statement:
Cryogenic logic based on superconducting circuits is a promising approach to next generation high performance computing. A primary challenge to a future superconducting data processor is the availability of an energy-efficient high-data-rate interconnect between the superconducting chips at 4K and the room temperature control system. The ideal data egress system would require dissipation of no more than a few tens of attojoules in the 4K environment to convert single flux quantum (SFQ) information into a form that can be transmitted to room temperature. The superconducting system represents digital zeros and ones by either the absence or presence of a SFQ. SFQ circuits produce voltage pulses that are about 1 mV tall and 2 picoseconds wide although this output can be conditioned to make it more suitable for photonic devices. This topic seeks to investigate 2D materials at a fundamental physics level for their promise as energy-efficient high-data-rate electro-optic modulators or other manifestations of data egress devices from 4K. Graphene, for example, has been explored for ultra-low-loss and high bandwidth modulation (e.g., [1]). Newer 2D materials such as molybdenum ditelluride [2] and black phosphorous also show promise in the optical domain. Some of these new 2D materials can be doped directly via electrostatic gating allowing p and n regimes to be created by control pulses, where needed. Such unique properties of 2D materials may enable new functionality of data modulation and communication, especially at cold temperatures.
[1] Phare, Christopher T., Yoon-Ho Daniel Lee, Jaime Cardenas, and Michal Lipson, “Graphene electro-optic modulator with 30 GHz bandwidth”, Nature Photonics 9 (2015): 511.
[2] Ya-Qing Bie, et al., “A MoTe2-based light-emitting diode and photodetector for silicon photonic integrated circuits”, Nature Nanotechnology, doi: 10.1038/nnano.2017.209.
Example Approaches:
The aim of this research is to experimentally advance the understanding of 2D materials for applications in data communication, particularly energy efficient, high-data-rate communication from a 4K environment to room temperature. Proposals could focus on experimental aspects of 2D materials and their relevance to ultra-low-power data egress at 4K address and one or more of the following questions or goals:
Can 2D materials offer unique advantages to the creation of energy efficient and high-data-rate electro-optic modulators?
Can 2D be integrated with silicon photonics and superconducting circuits?
Does operation at 4K offer new properties which can be taken advantage of? Or, is there a no-go to 4K operation?
Is there a fundamental limit to the energy per bit in these systems?
Do any properties of novel 2D materials allow direct transduction of data from SFQ pulses to optical information without the need for pulse conditioning?
Besides electro-optic modulation, does the physics of a 2D material allow other novel forms of data egress?
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